1,the battery discharge
Whenthe batteryandthe load circuitis turnedon,under the action ofthe electromotive force, the currentthrough the loadflowsfrom the positive electrodeto thenegative electrode(the flow ofelectronsfromthe negative batterypositive electrodethroughthe external circuit),reducingthe potential ofthe positive electrode,the negative electrodepotential increases,the break of originalsomebalance.Dischargingthechemical reaction process.
The reactionof the positive electrodeplateas follows:
Pb02 + 2H20 + SO4 + 2e → PbS04 + 40H
Atthe negative electrodeplate, Pbatomslose electronsbecomesafterpb2 ',andthe electrolyteSO;acombinationalso generatesPbS ().Sinkattached to thenegative plate, while the metalplatescontinueto dissolve,generatingpbz 'and electrons.
The reactionon the negative plateas follows:
Pb + SO4a2e → PbS04
If the circuitis not interrupted,will continue tocarry outthe chemicalreactionsthatPb Pb02positiveand negativeplatesaregradually transformed intothe board.PbS04,electrolyteandwaterH2S04decreasedgradually increased,the relative density ofthe electrolyteis reduced.The overallchemicalreaction is as follows:
Pb02 + 2HzS () 4 + Pb-PbS04 + 2H20 + PbS04
2,the battery charging
Thebattery positive and negativeDC power supplyofthe correspondingpositive and negativechargingphase,when the supply voltageis higher than theelectromotive force ofthe battery,under the action ofthe forceofthe power supply,the currentfrom the batteryflows intothe positive electrode, a negative electrodeoutflow(powerdrive the electronsfrom the batterypositivenegativeflowthroughthe external circuit).
The reactionof the positive electrodeplateas follows:
PbS04 + 40t {_a2e_ ÷ Pb02 + 2H20 + s0:
Atthe negative electrodeplate,a small amountofPbSO.Into theelectrolyte,dissociation.pb: 'andS00 Pb.'Gettwo electronsinto ametalPbin the role ofpowerforce,sinkattached tothe negative plate.AndsO}isHandthecombination oftheelectrolyte,to form sulfuric acid.
The reactionon the negative plateas follows:
PbS04 + 2e- + Pb + so}
Thus,during charging,the positive and negativePbSOboard.Thegradual recoveryofPbandPb,electrolyteH2s0.Gradually increasedand the watergraduallydecreased,the relative density ofthe electrolyteincreases.The overallchemicalreaction is as follows:
PbS04 + 2H20 + PbS () 4- + Pb02 + 2H2s () 4 + Pb
Bychemicalreaction processwhenthebattery charge and discharge,the following conclusionscan be drawn. (1)the batteryduring discharge,the electrolyteofsulfuric acidis graduallyreduced,the watergradually increased,the electrolyte densitydecreases;whenchargingthe battery,sulfuric acid electrolyteis graduallyincreased, anddecreasedwater,electrolytedensity increases.Thus,by measuring theelectrolyte densitymethodqualitativelydeterminethe degreebattery charge and discharge.
(2)at the time ofcharge and discharge,the electrolyte densitychanges,mainlyas a result ofa chemical reactionofthe positive electrode plateactive materialoccur,thus requiringthe electrolytic solutionat thepositive electrode plateflowabilityis better.Therefore,when assemblingthe battery,the separatorshouldhaveagroovefacingthe positive electrode plate,so thatcirculation of the electrolyte.
(3)the end ofthe battery discharge,the platesare still'70% to 80% of the activesubstancedoes notwork.Therefore, toreduce the quality ofthelead-acid battery,improve the power supplycapacity,should besufficientlyimprove the utilization ofthe active materialofthe electrode plate,a porousplateto improvethe structure,reducing the thickness ofthe plate.